This collection is composed of national reports and the general report presented to
the 19th International Congress of Comparative Law, organised by the International
Academy of Comparative Law in Vienna in 2014. The topic ‘damages for the
infringements of human rights’ was assigned to the section on public international
law. The list of all initial reports included twenty reports that came from thirteen
European civil law jurisdictions, including six from post-socialist countries, three
reports from common law countries (the UK, Ireland, the USA), two reports from
mixed jurisdictions (Canada and Israel) and two reports from South America
(Argentina, Brazil). A few of these reports were not revised for publication and
hence do not appear in this volume. Two additional contributions were solicited
solely for this volume: the Dutch law report (written by Jessy Emaus) and the
contribution on EU law (authored by Nina P??torak). Since the study has been
inadvertently dominated by legal developments in Europe, the law of the EU could
not go unnoticed.