This book looks at the regime of international intellectual property law from the perspectives of human security. The concept of human security, we believe, provides a good framework for a contemporary reassessment of international intellectual property laws and for their modernization. The concept of human security, though not directly labeled as such, received initial attention in theoretical works such as Barry Buzan’s People States and Fear, which argued that national and international security must be anchored in individual security.1 Subsequently, as the concept received express affirmation and prominence in the 1990s, it came to signify that the rationale of human endeavors nationally, regionally, and internationally should be to advance the security of human beings as individuals, as groups, and as constituent elements of humanity as a whole. Professors McFarlane and Khong in their authoritative work on the intellectual history of human security at the United Nations, discuss how the concept of human security came about, how it came to refer to the individual as the subject in need of security, and how the concept has fared in its development dimensions and its protection dimensions (human rights).