At the end of the 6th Ordinary Conference of the Association International du Droit de la Mer, “International Tribunals and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea”, held at the University of Sannio (Benevento, Italy) on 3–4 November 2016, the speakers accepted our invitation to expand their in-depth presentations into essays, in English or French, for publication in a collective volume. Already during the planning of the conference, it seemed appropriate to us that there should be a dialogue between international law experts on the decisions of international courts and tribunals where questions have been raised about the interpretation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Indeed, to date, a significant number of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of UNCLOS have been submitted, by virtue of Part XV of the Convention, to the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or to ad hoc arbitral tribunals. In addition, both the latter and other international courts (including, quite often, the International Court of Justice) or quasi-judicial bodies (like the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization) have had occasion to rule on the matter, albeit on the basis of legal instruments other than UNCLOS.