As for this new edition, I have not made any substantial modifications to the content, even though there are new data and materials available to enrich and amend related chapters. My research has always been guided by fundamental issues. If the update of details does not affect the fundamental conclusion of the analysis, then it is superfluous. I have made some adjustments to the language. Apart from correcting some misspellings, I have tried my best to simplify my expressions, abandoning or playing down the translated elements of original texts. There are certain areas in this book to which not enough reasons and explanations are given from today’s point of view—I therefore add a few words to them. Here is my explanation for reediting this book. I do believe that it is not necessary for readers who already have the previous edition to spend more money on this book, but there is one wish outweighing all other considerations, which is to leave a fossil for the history—about China’s society, judiciary, and jurisprudence at the end of the twentieth century, which we have lived through.