This book gives a fi rst critical comment of the changes introduced by the new Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on the prevention of the use of the fi nancial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist fi nancing (the Fourth anti-money laundering (AML)/counter terrorism fi nancing (CFT) Directive). This book aims to provide a fi rst critical comment of the changes introduced by the new Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on the prevention of the use of the fi nancial system for the purposes of money laundering (ML) or terrorist fi nancing (TF) (the Fourth anti-money laundering/counter terrorism fi nancing (AML/CFT) Directive), 1 amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directive 2006/70/EC (the Third AML/CFT Directive).