The establishment of the European Banking Union (EBU) represents the
most important achievement of the European Union (EU) in the last decade,
one which goes well beyond the boundaries of the banking area and
the Eurozone.
Before the explosion of a multidimensional crisis in autumn 2008, the creation
of the EBU was not considered by the European institutions as an
urgent policy issue. Some preliminary measures were approved according to
the calm pace of ordinary times. But just after the break of the financial and
economic crisis, the EU shaped a rather original legal framework, composed
of new rules, such as the Single Rulebook, new administrative bodies, exemplified
by the three European Supervisory Agencies established in 2010, procedures
aimed at preventing and managing systemic risks, new relations
between the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks
forming the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). In a few years, two
of the three planned “pillars” of the EBU were created. Moreover, a great
number of regulations, directives, decisions and acts of diverse legal nature
were adopted.