International Humanitarian Law (IHL), law of weaponry and the international arms control architecture as a whole are confronted with a formidable array of challenges. New military technologies are set to revolutionize military affairs and challenge traditional arms control paradigms. At the same time, resurgent big power rivalries and shifting geopolitical power dynamics in the twenty-first century are putting increasing pressure on existing arms control structures many of which are imbued with twentieth century rationales. Nowhere is this more visible than with regard to nuclear weapons where traditional arms control regimes are currently eroding at an alarming pace. With the demise of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty’s (INF) Treaty and the US’s withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, better known as the Iran Nuclear Deal, now even the future of the Non-Proliferation and New Start treaties, both of which are due to be reviewed in 2020 and 2021 respectively, is uncertain.